One factor that attracted men to settle in the cave was the presence of abundant drinking water in the lake inside it.
          A band of Neolithic sailors cruising along the gulf of Diaries on their way to Mills to procure supplies of obsidian, the valuable hard volcanic rock used for making tools and weapons, apparently put in here found the water, and began to live In the cave and the surrounding area.

           The occupations in which the Neolithic Community of Diaries engaged, their specialization in the sphere of production, their daily activities and living patterns their burial customs religious beliefs artistic sensitivity and intellectual concerns can all be traced n the finds brought to light by the archaeological excavations.
Diros Neolithic Museum contains exclusively objects from a single geographical and cultural unit. The basic objectives of the exhibition are to facilitate communication between visitors and the exhibits, and an understanding of each object within the overall group so as to make it easy for visitors to form an idea of the life of the Neolithic community.
        The cave served as a place of refuge a residence a workshop a huge storeroom for goods, and also as a cemetery and cult area.

              The wealth and quality of the finds show that a populous dynamic Community evolved at Diros, which grew into an important center of farming and stock-breeding that also had a strong commercial and sea-faring character.

The excellently made tools of stone, bone and obsidian, the superb painted, plain and relief pottery the characteristic weaving accessories, needles and spindle- whorls, the delicate bone, stone and even silver jewelry the elegant terracotta and marble figurines and the abundance of excellently preserved bones from human and animal skeletons combine to make the Diros cave an Important archaeological site of unique scientific interest.

The Neolithic Community of Diros evolved during the Late and Final Neolithic Period (4800-3200 BC)

The life of the community was interrupted abruptly about 3200 BC by a severe earthquake as a result of which the mouth of the cave was blocked. Those trapped in the cave died of starvation, while those on the countryside abandoned the area because they had lost their supply of drinking water.