The second line of defense, which begins at the Nauplia Gate, may be discerned on the lofty ground where the Palace is situated. Following the contours of the hill in an eastward direction, it then continues south as far as the Monastery of the Pantanassa, after which it continues to descend as far as the level of the Peribleptos. At this point, it turns west and, still following the contours of the hill, climbs up to the level of the castle.

The hill on which Mystra is built was thus defended by two strongly fortified walls, dominated by an impregnable castle. Within the lower and larger enceinte, i.e. the lower city, dwelt the urban classes. Higher up, in the Upper City, was situated the aristocratic quarter, with its palaces, mansions and government offices.

Only two gateways led to the Upper City; the Monembassia Gate, with towers, gun embrasures and an iron doorway; and the Nauplia Gate similarly fortified.

The whole fortification system is crowned by the Castle, which served as an observation post in peace, as a last refuge in times of siege.

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