Like a replica in miniature of the majestic form of Mt. Tarygetos, Mystra rises above the verdant valley of Eurotas. In about the Mid 13th century mail-coated Frankish knights built watch-towers on this 'strange hill', from which they could defend fertile Lacedaemon and control the unruly mountain dwellers of Taygetos. But they were unable to retain their hold on 'beautiful Mystra' for long. A Byzantine << Basileus and Emperor of the Romans>> regained his throne at Constantinople in 1261 and henceforth Mystra became a center of culture and civilization destined to illuminate the art and spirit of the Byzantine age for the last time.

Mystra's achievement is a very important one; but it is the sphere of art in particular that the modern traveler will be most impressed. Early characteristics of fresco-work are found in the painted decoration of the Metropolis (13th -14th centuries) which already foreshadows the final flowering of the Palaelogue period. Some of the most important works at the 14th century will be found at the Aphendiko. In the Peribleptos a synthesis of rare aesthetic quality and deep theological significance will be observed, whereas at the Pantanassa the visitor is struck by the lengths to which the Byzantine painting can go in respect of color range. Here also will be found every type of Byzantine church as well as specific examples of decorative architecture pertaining to palaces, mansions and ordinary houses.

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